These notes focuses on three main data mining techniques. The ultimate goals of mining method selection are to maximize company profit, maximize recovery of the mineral resources and provide a safe environment for the miners by selecting the method with the least problems among the feasible alternatives. In this tutorial we give a short overview of the main variable selection methods. Pdf mining method selection by using integrated model. Candidate methods can therefore be chosen and ranked based on estimated operationalcapital costs, production rates, availability of labors and. Selection of an appropriate mechanized mining technical.
Comparison of multicriteria decisionmaking methods for. Methods for equipments selection in surface mining. The selection of a mining method for an ore deposit is based on many factors that are driven by the economics and profitability of the mine for a company. While surface hard rock mines apply the openpit method to almost any ore configuration, a large number of underground mining methods have been developed. First, it is essential to specify if an ore deposit potentially will have mined by athat combined method of openpit and underground mining. Selection criteria for the application of resue mining. At all of the sites where grade control optimisation has been given a fair trial over several months of production, the use of the mp method has been consistently rewarding to the mining operations. This book consists of selected material from the outofprint industry standard, underground mining methods handbook. Principal considerations in the selection of surface mining and reclamation techniques and equipment include the thickness and character of the overburden, the dip of the. Sql server analysis services azure analysis services power bi premium feature selection is an important part of machine learning. Generally, this research is based on anecdotal methods, where a feasible solution is sought, rather than an optimal solution. The method of extracting the ore is dependent upon the nature of the ore occurrence. However, the mining method selection cannot be solely based on these criteria. Feature selection refers to the process of reducing the inputs for processing and analysis, or of finding the most meaningful inputs.
This method of mining is generally necessary either due to a weak rock mass comprising the immediate back andor high induced back stresses. In this selection some of the parameters such as geological and geotechnical properties, economic parameters and geographical factors are involved. Final choice of mining method will reflect both the engineering properties of the orebody and its setting, and. The selection of the adequate mining method is the cornerstone for mine planning and design. Classification, clustering and association rule mining tasks. Restrict rock displacements in the near and far field of the orebody to elastic orders of magnitude. Longwall mining is a highly mechanized underground mining system for mining coal. Two methods of fuzzy multiple criteria decision making are used for selecting the optimal method with which to mine anomaly no. The steps involved selecting and ranking the mining methods based on orebody characteristics using the.
Mining method selection by integrated ahp and promethee. Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds extracted by operations located in all corners of the world. Ataei synopsis mining method selection is the first and most important problem in mine design. This selection depends on geological, geotechnical, economical, and environmental parameters. So the major objective of this study is to know the criteria for the selection of board and pillar mining for seam. Pdf the problem of mining method selection is one of the most important decisions that should be made by mining managers and engineers. It is a very lowcost, highproductivity method of mining. Mining method, surface mining, open pit mining, open cast mining, placer mining, solution mining. The ubc mining method selection is a modification of the nicolas approach 1981, which places more emphasis on stoping method.
The selection of a mining method for a given orebody can be a challenging assignment and may need to address personal bias for or against a particular method. Mining method selection is the first and most important problem in mine design. More than 40 chapters covering such underground mining topics as sampling, planning, reserve analysis, cost calculations, various methods of support, block and panel caving, and sublevel caving make up this comprehensive text. The selection of a suitable mining method for an ore deposit requires the consideration of a numerous criteria, such as mininggeological factors, economic factors and miningtechnical factors. It consists in the generation of all the possible combinations of the p variables, from size 1 to p. Underground mining method selection is one of the most important decisions that mining engineers have to make. Selecting a proper underground mining method to accomplish. The mining rate is greater than 20,000 tonnes per day tpd but is usually much greater. Moreover, candidate methods can therefore be chosen and ranked based on estimated operationalcapital cost, production rates, availability of labors and. As board and pillar method of mining is one of the oldest methods so all the focus of this project is on this oldest method.
Final choice of mining method will reflect both the engineering properties of the orebody and its setting, and the engineering attributes of the various methods such as mining scale, production rate. In the past, selection of a mining method for a new property was based primarily on operating experience at similar type deposits and on methods already in use in the district of the deposit. Sabinet mining method selection by multiple criteria. Open pit mining mining methods 5 open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies. Equipment selection, surface mining, shoveltruck productivity, mining method selection, multicommodity network flow introduction the general equipment selection problem esp is to choose a collection of compatible, but not necessarily homogeneous, items of equipment to perform a speci ed task. Mining method, ore body, mining method selection tool, costs. Then, the chosen method was modified during the early years of mining as ground conditions and ore character were bet. Surface and underground coal mining are broad activities that incorporate numerous variations in equipment and methods, and the choice of which method to use in extracting a coal seam depends on many technological, economic, and social factors. Underground mining methods are the focus of this article. These are the ore sources, or stopes, the stope access and service openings, or stope development, and the permanent access and service openings. For this reason, surface mining is the most widely used method in north america. Open cut mining methods strip mining largescale open cut coal mining operations commenced in australia in mid 1960s and since then there has been significan t developments in this method of mining. T ypical example s of this type of mining are the larger tonna ge coal mining operations in mpumulanga. The mining method selection problem focuses on choosing the correct excavation method for the given mining conditions.
The western metals zinc kapok mine site has established a set of parameters which accept the two pass resue mining method for the mining of the ore drives. The single pass or two pass resue mining method should be chosen depending on the site acceptance criteria and selection criteria. Mining method selection and transition depth determination problems. The first step in selecting the most appropriate mining method is to compare the economic efficiency of extraction of the deposit by surface and underground mining methods. Mining method selection by integrated ahp and promethee method. As such, mining requires continual adaptation to new conditions. Geometry, quality of rock and ore variability and economics.
The selection of the mining method may also need to occur prior to the completion of desired geotechnical or ore value determinations. The contribution to science of decisionmaking methods based on fuzzy logic is the ability to focus on overcoming uncertainties inherent in mining method selection. Mining methods and method selection snu open courseware. A brief introduction to the types of surface mining methods. Several parameters should be considered in mmtp evaluation, so the.
The previous methods of ore selection at most of these operations were based mainly on polygonal sectional methods of grade estimation. Mining method, underground mining, roomandpillar mining, sublevel stoping, cutandfill, longwall mining, sublevel caving, block caving, backfill, support. Design an appropriate mining method for extraction of ore. Selecting the best mining method among many alternatives is a multicriteria decision making problem. Some pits operate at a rate of more than 100,000 tpd. Mining method selection by multiple criteria decision making tools by m. Irrespective of the method used to mine an orebody, similarities exist betwen the functions and the required geomechanical performances of the different types of nonproduction excavations. Benches in the stack have a steep face angle whilst the. In fact, it can extract almost 90% of ore from a deposit. In 1990, another expert system, in order to classify equipment, was planned in the open pit coal mine of britain with the help of fuzzy logic. This selection problem is based on the comparisons of mining method alternatives according to the identified criteria. At this stage, the selection is preliminary, serving only as the basis.
Solution mining includes both borehole mining, such as the methods used to extrac t sodium chloride or sulfur, and leaching, either through drillholes or in dumps or heap s on the surface. Criteria for selection of board and pillar for multiple seams. Hence, the evaluation of alternative mmtp is an important part of the mining design. Equipment selection is a complex task that requires the consideration of multiple criteria with different measurement units. Mining method selection and transition depth determination. Much of the literature on mining method selection does not discuss equipment selection modelling in.
This papers main purpose is to select the most appropriate mining method for the south body of boukhadra underground mine ne algeria. The mining engineer must balance the input parameters and select the method that appears to be the most suitable. Selection involves summation and ranking of numerical values associated with orebody characteristics that reflect the suitability of a particular method. Underground mining method selection by decision making. Recovery of mineral from subsurface rock involves the development of physical access to the. According to nicolas, each mining method is ranked according to the suitability of its geometrygrade distribution and ore zone. Mining method selection is one of the most critical and problematic activities of mining engineering. The selection of underground mining methods is primarily based on a set of factors associated with geology of the deposit e. Denison reports results from wheeler river pfs, including. These surface mining methods are considered to be more efficient and economical in extracting minerals as compared to most methods of underground mining. Candidate methods can therefore be chosen and ranked based on.
Selection of isr mining method for highgrade phoenix deposit following the completion of the 2016 pea, the company evaluated 32 alternate mining. Safe working conditions, ore excavation efficiency and ore dilution are also important. The problem of mining method selection is one of the most important decisions that should be made by mining managers and engineers. A number of decisionmaking methods have been proposed for analysing equipment selection problems, each having their own distinctive advantages and limitations. Choosing a suitable underground mining method to extract a mineral deposit is very important in terms of economics, safety and productivity of mining operations. View mining method selection research papers on academia. In these data mining notes pdf, we will introduce data mining techniques and enables you to apply these techniques on reallife datasets. The selection of a suitable mining method for an ore deposit requires the consideration of a numerous criteria, such as mining geological factors, economic factors and miningtechnical factors.
Chapter 11 mining technology the federal coal leasing amendments act. An appropriate mmtp is closely related to safety, productivity, labour intensity, and efficiency. Underground mining methods presents the latest principles and techniques in use today. This system is able to involve the expert knowledge in primary and secondary selection of equipment for surface coal mines 3. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss surface mining methods and equipment j. The selection of underground mining methods is primarily based on the geologicalspatial setting of the deposit.
Mechanized mining technical process mmtp related to the control method of the shearer is a vital process in thin coal seam mining operations. When the number of benches in the stack increases, the road gradient increases too. The various methods of mining a coal seam can be classified under two headings, surface mining and underground mining. Equipment selection for high selective t excavation.
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